Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industry - Essay Example Smarthand is a company that manufactures smart hand products that are mainly for university professors who engage in teaching practices in large lecture rooms. The product manufactured by the company is a multifunctional remote controlling glove that is bundled with a computer software. The software functions in such a way that it allows the person using it to give instructions using touch screen by the use of hand gestures and commands using figures. The smart hand product has a lot of promise to its users. The product promises the users to make controls to the screen of the computer at a far distance with the use of a Wi-Fi environment. Unlike other means of computer operating equipment such as clicker or mouse, the smart hand product offers several instructions that are customized in a more convenient manner. In summary, it can be said that smart hand product takes a total control of the university lecturer class in his or her palm. The company’s mission statement is to enable users to control computer and give customized instructions in the palm of the hand. SmartHand LCC will strive to accomplish the mission by focusing on four main objectives: provide users better experience in manipulating virtual space, improving convenience of use, developing new software features based on customization, and changing the way of teaching in a smart classroom. The product idea is based on designs from students from School of Information Studies and further improved by the management team at SmartHand LLC. The inventors designed the intelligence glove in order to develop a technology to manipulate objects in a virtual space. After consideration of the executive team from SmartHand LLC, the features of the glove is decided to focus more on educational use so that the product can be bundled with other teaching station technology to improve professors teaching experience. SmartHand is a multi-functional intelligence glove that allows using figure commands and hand gestures

Religious and Ethnic Groups Paper Essay Example for Free

Religious and Ethnic Groups Paper Essay Mahayana Buddhism is considered to be a emanation or illusion of the highest power which is referred to as Buddha. They also believe that there has been many Buddhas on earth and in the whole universe. There are 3 bodies (forms) of Buddha: 1, Body of essence. The indescribable, impersonal absolute reality, or ultimate truth that is nirvana (infinite bliss). 2, Body of bliss or enjoyment, Buddha as divine, deity, formless, celestial spirit with saving power of grace, omnipotence. 3, body of transformation or emanation. An illusion or emanation in human form provided by the divine Buddha to guide humans to enlightenment. Anyone can achieve Buddha hood and those who choose this path to help others to become liberated are worshipped as gods or saints to some. Mahayana Buddhists believe that when you die, one becomes selflessness resulting in ultimate bliss known as the deathless state and doesnt believe in literal rebirth. They extinguish themselves from all worldly cravings, desires and attachments, through loving- kindness, compassion, charity, moral conduct, wisdom and meditation. Mahayana Buddhism deferrers from many religions. Christianity being one. Christians believe that there is only one god (not several) and there is life after death in heaven where all is good. Jesus is Gods son who was sent to earth by god to become human and live amongst us which was in human form. Hinduism is a dominate religion of the Indian subcontinent. When I think of Buddhism I think a foreign religion from another country but there in America and many other countries. As a matter of fact, Buddhism is one of the largest religions in the United States following Christianity, Judaism and nonreligious and close to being equal with Islam and Hinduism. Most Buddhism are Asian Americans. Its estimated there are around 1.2 million and 40% of them live is Southern California. The Mahayana Buddhist are not supposed to discriminate and usually they hold true to that if they are a TRUE Buddhist. Thats not to say that Americans dont discriminate against them. In February 2011 the Lao-Buddhist Association attempted to open a temple in Olathe Kansas but was denied. Residents said that the location was zoned for residential only. Christian churches are located in residential neighborhoods all over the country so Buddhists are saying its discrimination against their religion. Another instant of discrimination on them took place in Southern California. Buddhist wanted to put in a worship center but the government rejected it and said there isnt enough room but later built a mall there. The Buddhist people sued them saying it was discrimination on their religion. In America we have the right to express our religion but the government and prejudice people are making that amendment more and more difficult for some religions. Before I researched this religion, I knew nothing about it or the people. I know have a much better understanding what they believe in and how they live. They are a very peaceful and caring religion and people should be educated about them before they judge them. Part 2 Racial/ethnic groups: I chose Hispanic and Latino descend. Hispanics differ from white people in many different ways. Their way of life, language, and all around culture. They seem to get singled out by many races due to the overwhelming illegal entry into the states. It doesnt seem to matter it they are here illegally or not, they are all looked at the same by certain people. They are stereo typed all the time for stealing jobs and collecting welfare not to mention healthcare. A lot of them are working in the states under the table and sending the majority of their money earned back to their families in Mexico. The money made is not spent here to help benefit our economy. Hispanics are discriminated against often. I think Americans feel like they are paying a lot in taxes to help them financially when they should focus the help on legal Americans that actually pay their taxes. Employment is another reason behind the discrimination. In the landscape, nursery and construction trade, they seem to be taking over a lot of these positions because its cheaper labor but it still takes work away from legal Americans. After researching this topic I have learned that Hispanics have too many sources that are offered to them when legal Americans could use it more since we spend our money here in taxes. Comparing my racial and religious groups I can see how they are somewhat similar. Both struggle to find a place where they can be accepted. http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Buddhism/Galleries/What-Do-Mahayana-Buddhists-Believe.aspx?b=1p=10 http://prezi.com/onqasvrjg9ey/discrimination-against-buddhism/

The Native American Experience as Portrayed Through the Essay Titled, A

The Native Land Imagine living in a place where you feel free, and safe all of your life, and then one day it’s all taken away from you. Native Americans have always depended on the land to take care of them. Had the Great Spirit forsaken them? These are the thoughts that pondered the mind of Seattle as he answered to the Governor of Washington, in the essay titled â€Å"Address†. What was the purpose or message behind Albert Bierstadt’s painting titled â€Å"Among the Sierra Nevada†? How are these two separate works associated? To understand the relationship that these two works share we must look at them from today’s perspective. The Address is a Political Science/ History piece that addresses problems, and states facts about the way of life for Native Americans the beauty of the land and how Americans were to take that away from them, while Bierstadt’s painting is able to show us the piece and serenity to the earth and within ourselves. Although the text and painting have different backgrounds, they are both similar a different in many ways. Both the text and the painting challenge the relationship between land uses, background of ancestors, and power. The painting and essay display similar expressions of darkness to light. The mountains represent the downfall of Native Americans fore fathers being forced westward out of their land (Seattle, 55). Bierstadt’s painting depicts the freedom of Native Americans being driven out of their homes and lands, interrupting their peace. â€Å"Yonder sky that has wept tears of compassion upon my people for centuries untold, and which to us appear challenges and eternal, may change† (Seattle, 55). This statement illustrates even though they are the same people inside their way of thinking about wha... ...sion Native Americans made a connection with the earth that was an ongoing affirmation to be close to nature. To witness the beauty of the land and all it had to offer them. Seattle’s address took a strong and powerful stance against the Americans, not only did he stand up for his people but he showed the wrong in the Americans. The essay and art work have affected the progress and solidity of the Native American culture in the past and the present. Each piece possess vitality, power and a drive to move forward, they also coincide on different levels where as to the message, that they bring forth understanding the environment and relationship between land, and man.† At night when the streets of your cities and villages are silent and you think them deserted, they will throng with the returning hosts that once filled and still love this beautiful land† (Seattle, 57).

Social Effects of the Berlin Wall Essay -- essays research papers fc

Outline THESIS: From research and historical analysts, we can conclude that in many cases the people of Germany have been effected socially and economically by the building and construction of the Berlin Wall. I. Background A. Beginning construction B. Closing borders C. Pre-Berlin Wall II. History A. Cold War B. World War II C. Economy III. Post- Berlin Wall effects A. Economic examples B. Political examples Conclusion In the last fifty years the German Democratic Republic has been a nonstop changing country. In Germany, the terms â€Å"East† and â€Å"West† do not just represent geographically regions. It runs much deeper than that, and there is still a large gap in the way of life, and political and social conditions of the whole country. While most German’s were sleeping on the night of August 13, 1961, the East German government began closing its borders. In the early morning of that Sunday, most of the first work was done: the border to West Berlin was closed. The East German troops had begun to tear up streets and to install barbed wire entanglement and fences through Berlin. Between 1961 and today, the Berlin Wall saw many changes, and so did the people that it entrapped. Prior to the construction of the Berlin Wall, boarders between East and West Germany were closed in 1952 because of tension between Communists and Democratic superpowers and the only open crossing left in Berlin. West Germany was blockaded by the Soviets and only kept alive because of air drops made by the Western Allies (Time). The Soviets had to do something about the mass amount of people leaving Soviet East Berlin for West Berlin, and the non-communist world. The most visible aspect of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall. Before the wall was constructed, East and West Germans could travel freely between the two states. The number of East Germans fleeing to West was an embarrassment to the Communists, and something had to be done to pro... ...in a recent pole, 40% of young people in this area would vote for this party of former communists. In the West however, all of the districts, excluding one voted for the conservative Christian Democratic Union. (Time Nov 20th) Though times were tough for many years for some Germans, things are improving slowly. While the wall was erect, many Germans had high hopes of change and continue to strive towards equality nationwide. In June of 1963 when John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, he gave a very impacting speech to the people of Berlin, "There are some who say that Communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin" (Sidey). Although the wall no longer physically stands, it still today divides Germany and Berlin into two separate states today. Works Cited Benjamin, Daniel. â€Å"Wall of Shame.† Time. November 20, 1989 Canning, Kathleen. â€Å"Responses to German Reunification.† The Journal of the International Institute. 2000. The Regents of the University of Michigan. 07 March 05 Sidey, Hugh. â€Å"The Presidency.† Time. November 20, 1989 Wallace, Charles P., â€Å"Across the Great Divide.† Time Europe. Nov. 15, 1999 Social Effects of the Berlin Wall Essay -- essays research papers fc Outline THESIS: From research and historical analysts, we can conclude that in many cases the people of Germany have been effected socially and economically by the building and construction of the Berlin Wall. I. Background A. Beginning construction B. Closing borders C. Pre-Berlin Wall II. History A. Cold War B. World War II C. Economy III. Post- Berlin Wall effects A. Economic examples B. Political examples Conclusion In the last fifty years the German Democratic Republic has been a nonstop changing country. In Germany, the terms â€Å"East† and â€Å"West† do not just represent geographically regions. It runs much deeper than that, and there is still a large gap in the way of life, and political and social conditions of the whole country. While most German’s were sleeping on the night of August 13, 1961, the East German government began closing its borders. In the early morning of that Sunday, most of the first work was done: the border to West Berlin was closed. The East German troops had begun to tear up streets and to install barbed wire entanglement and fences through Berlin. Between 1961 and today, the Berlin Wall saw many changes, and so did the people that it entrapped. Prior to the construction of the Berlin Wall, boarders between East and West Germany were closed in 1952 because of tension between Communists and Democratic superpowers and the only open crossing left in Berlin. West Germany was blockaded by the Soviets and only kept alive because of air drops made by the Western Allies (Time). The Soviets had to do something about the mass amount of people leaving Soviet East Berlin for West Berlin, and the non-communist world. The most visible aspect of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall. Before the wall was constructed, East and West Germans could travel freely between the two states. The number of East Germans fleeing to West was an embarrassment to the Communists, and something had to be done to pro... ...in a recent pole, 40% of young people in this area would vote for this party of former communists. In the West however, all of the districts, excluding one voted for the conservative Christian Democratic Union. (Time Nov 20th) Though times were tough for many years for some Germans, things are improving slowly. While the wall was erect, many Germans had high hopes of change and continue to strive towards equality nationwide. In June of 1963 when John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, he gave a very impacting speech to the people of Berlin, "There are some who say that Communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin" (Sidey). Although the wall no longer physically stands, it still today divides Germany and Berlin into two separate states today. Works Cited Benjamin, Daniel. â€Å"Wall of Shame.† Time. November 20, 1989 Canning, Kathleen. â€Å"Responses to German Reunification.† The Journal of the International Institute. 2000. The Regents of the University of Michigan. 07 March 05 Sidey, Hugh. â€Å"The Presidency.† Time. November 20, 1989 Wallace, Charles P., â€Å"Across the Great Divide.† Time Europe. Nov. 15, 1999

Injury Compensation

Workplace injury causes remarkable loss to individual workers, their families, the community, and society. This loss is not only physical and financial, but also psychological and emotional. The prevention and compensation of workplace injury have thus been important issues for both academia and policy-makers. The purpose of The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada, written by Bob Barnetson, is to study how the Canadian government averts and compensates workplace injury, as well as who profits, and how.The first four chapters of the book present study of government’s injury-prevention efforts. The author deduces that the current injury-prevention strategies taken by employers and government are not valuable, the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws not succeed to make workplaces more safe, and employers are able to shift costs to workers through injury. The next three chapters of the book analyzes the compensation injury system in workplaces in Canada and reach es the conclusion that workers’ compensation does not fully reimburse workers for their injuries.Chapter five describes how workers' compensation in Canada came to be, and how it theoretically benefits the employers, workers, and the government. Chapter six discusses the inclination of workers’ compensation boards to limit benefit entitlements and therefore employer costs. Chapter seven investigates how workers’ compensation is used to deal with workers and to limit worker power. The book concludes with Chapter eight.The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada doesn’t merely tell us that workers compensation doesn’t really help workers; it tells us why it doesn’t help and, even more importantly, how come no one fixes it? Mr. Barnetson states in his book, that in most cases, a â€Å"disturbing pattern of bias against workers emerges (Barnetson, 2010, p. 154). † Thousands of Canadian families have been thrown into poverty by sys tem that denies them support. The Worker's Compensation system. One of the strengths of this book, is that Mr.Barnetson does not draw any analytical punches. Writing within a traditional Marxist framework, Mr. Barnetson is able to locate both occupational health and safety and workers' compensation laws and regulations that result from class compromise. This would be: at the turn of the 20th century an increasing number of workplace accidents were initiating dissatisfaction with the productions systems in place. This unhappiness threatened to explode into the political arena and therefore endangered the legitimacy of the Canadian capitalist system.So, the provincial governments began passing ‘workmen's compensation' laws. These laws were to shift attention away from the unsafe and unhealthy labour processes that caused these accidents and injuries while representing a real victory for injured workers and their supporters. Also, they were used â€Å"to put in place a compensat ion adjudication process that spread out accidents and injury such that the causes of accidents were obscured and normalized while injured workers were left to confront a system that individualized and depoliticized their claims (Storey, 2012, p. ). † However, there is one noteworthy criticism. There are places in the book where Professor Barnetson tends to extrapolate or simplify based off one experience in Alberta, or a single study from Ontario or Quebec. It must be understood that there are significant differences between provincial occupational health and safety and workers' compensation legal systems. This does not mean that it is believed that Mr. Barnetson is unaware of such difference.It is to say, though, that keeping dissimilarities in mind can be of highest importance as is the case in the current context. For example, â€Å"the Ontario government and its workers' compensation board are using the financial status of a number of western Canadian workers' compensati on boards to justify fundamental changes in its funding formulae; changes that injured worker advocates claim will have a devastating effect on the level and duration of benefits awarded to injured workers (Storey, 2012, p. ). † Lastly, in his efforts to be all-inclusive in his analysis of the political economy of workplace injury in Canada, it is felt that Professor Barnetson moves along so quickly that it feels like he may lose his audience. If we are to believe his point that injured workers are a minor group who are unable to make specific changes that will better the system, then it is crucial that exercises in political education, are patient with their readers' efforts, in order to grasp the root of the concept.Bibliography Song, X. (2012). The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada (review). Canadian Public Policy38(1), 115-116. University of Toronto Press. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from Project MUSE database. Storey, Robert. (2012, March 22). Bob Barnetson, The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada The Free Library. (2012). Retrieved October 07, 2012 from http://www. thefreelibrary. com/Bob Barnetson, The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada. -a0298292679

11 Romantic Spanish Love Quotes (With English Translation)

Romantic Spanish Love Quotes (With English Translation) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Ah, love. Who doesn’t get weak in the knees when they read great love quotes? And since Spanish is a romance language, it makes sense that some of the best quotes about love are in Spanish! But more importantly, reading and understanding quotes is a great way to prepare you for your Spanish SAT and Spanish AP exams. That’s because they often rely on figurative language, which means that the literal translation is different than the phrase’s actual meaning. By studying quotes like these, you gain a better understanding of how to speak, read, and understand Spanish on a more advanced level. In this post, we’re going to help you prepare for your exams by giving you a list list of the best Spanish love quotes with English translation. For each quote, we’ll: Give you the love quote in Spanish Provide the English translation Discuss the meaning of the quote Ready? Let’s get started! Spanish Love Quote #1: A Quote About Eternity Prefiero un minuto contigo a una eternidad sin ti. This sentence literally translates to, â€Å"I prefer a minute with you than an eternity without you.† In other words, you’d rather know (and love!) a person for a short amount of time than live a full life having never known them at all. It’s incredibly romantic...which is why we chose it to kick off our list! This line also teaches you how to set up a comparison in Spanish. You can use the basic form of this sentence to show how one thing is better than the other, which is going to be an important skill for the written portion of your Spanish exams. Memorizing a quote like this one is like having a little grammar shortcut that you can whip out at any time. Spanish Love Quote #2: A Quote About Fighting Rià ±en a menudo los amantes, por el gusto de hacer las paces. Literally, this quotation translates to, â€Å"Lovers quarrel often for the pleasure of making peace.† However, there’s a more figurative way to think of this line, too. At its core, this quote is about passion. In passionate relationships, there’s often a thin line between arguing and attraction. That’s why it’s so common to see this happen in romantic movies. One of our favorite scenes is this one from The Notebook: iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EemLsTG5fX8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe This scene shows us that the quote might be right: making up is the best part of a lover’s quarrel! Spanish Love Quote #3: A Quote About Changing Someone Amar a alguien para hacerlo distinto significa asesinarle. The word-for-word translation of this quote is a little gruesome. Literally, it means, â€Å"Loving someone to make them different means murdering them.† But more accurately, this quote is saying that loving someone to try and change who they are is a recipe for disaster. That’s because you’re actually not in love with the person your significant other is...you’re in love with this ideal person you wish they could become! In the end, this quote warns us that trying to change the person you love- rather than loving them for who they are- results in unhappiness for everyone. Spanish Love Quote #4: A Quote About Fear El mayor obstculo para el amor es el temor secreto de no ser dignos de ser amados. This line translates to, â€Å"The greatest obstacle to love is the hidden fear of not being worthy of being loved.† For many people, love can be difficult...but it can sometimes be compounded by how we feel about ourselves. In fact, research suggests that good self-esteem is important to having healthy relationships. In this case, this quote reminds us that it’s just as important to love ourselves as it is to love someone else. Spanish Love Quote #5: A Quote About Young Love Amor de nià ±o, agua en cestillo. Okay, this is one of those quotes where you just have to remember the figurative meaning. Literally, this quote translates to, â€Å"Love of a child, water in basket.† Which, to be fair, doesn’t make much sense at all! In actuality, this quote is saying that young love is fickle. Yeah, we know: it’s one of those things you just have to memorize to understand. (English is full of these idioms that make no sense, like â€Å"cool as a cucumber† for being good under pressure.) But knowing idiomatic phrases like this one- and using them correctly!- can be pretty impressive when you’re writing your exam essays. Spanish Love Quote #6: A Quote About Heartbreak Hay mucho ms donde elegir. What do you do when you- or a friend- goes through a really bad break-up? You know, the type where you were head-over-heels in love, but for some reason, the other person didn’t feel the same? That’s where this quote can come in handy. It translates to, â€Å"There’s a lot more out there to choose from.† But it’s closer in meaning to the English saying, â€Å"there are plenty of fish in the sea.† Heartbreak is painful, and sometimes it feels like you lost â€Å"the one† for you. But this quote is a good reminder that the world is a big place! While breakups are tough, they’re also temporary. If you’re brave enough- and follow the advice from Quote #4 above!- you can find love again. Spanish Love Quote #7: A Quote About Partnership Amar no es mirarse el uno al otro, es mirar juntos en la misma direccià ³n. This sentence has the same literal and figurative meaning. It translates to, â€Å"Love it’s not to look at each other, it’s to look together towards the same direction.† Is loving someone enough for a long, happy relationship? According to this quote, there might be more to it than just affection. And actually, science seems to support this. This article from Psychology Today explains that common reasons for relationships failing are having different expectations or priorities in life than your partner. This quote teaches us that love about more than just thinking the other person is attractive, or even caring deeply about your partner. Long-lasting, loving relationships involve working with your partner to determine where your lives are going, so you can ensure you’re both heading in the same direction. Spanish Love Quote #8: A Quote About Motivation El amor todo lo puede. This sentence translates to, â€Å"Love can do everything.† In other words, love is a powerful motivator. This is a favorite topic of feel-good news stories like this one about a father who runs triathlons with his disabled son, or this story about this man who donated his kidney to his best friend. These are just a few examples of how love can motivate us to do things for other people that we never thought possible. And while that might seem anecdotal at first, science actually supports this idea. Whether it’s love for a partner, a family member, a friend, or even a pet, love can drive us to accomplish amazing things! Spanish Love Quote #9: A Quote About Pain Donde hay amor, hay dolor. But as we all know, love can also be painful, too. That’s why we’ve included this quote in our list, which translates to â€Å"Where there’s love, there’s pain.† Oftentimes, we immediately think of a bad break-up or a divorce as an example of love causing pain. But there are different types of love, too! For example, let’s say you love your school, but your parents get new jobs and you have to move to a new city. You’d probably be pretty upset about it, right? That pain is a result of the love you feel for your teachers and friends. And you’re not alone in feeling a love/pain connection: scientists now believe that love and pain are neurologically interconnected! Given all of that, it's tempting to think of this quote as warning us against love, but that’s not the case. Rather, this saying is a reminder that pain is the price of love, but it doesn’t mean that loving isn’t worth it in the end. Spanish Love Quote #10: A Quote About Dislike No hay amor perdido entre nosotros. This quote, which translates to â€Å"there is no love lost between us,† comes from the famous Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes is perhaps the most famous Spanish author of all time, and he’s most well known for writing Don Quixote. Before he became a writer, Cervantes served in the Spanish military and took part in naval battles as part of the Spanish navy marines. That meant he saw the animosity between people firsthand, so he definitely knew what he was talking about when he wrote this line. To say that there’s â€Å"no love lost† between you and someone else is a polite way to say that you don’t like another person or thing. In fact, it means that you don’t like them at all! (For example, as far as we’re concerned, there’s no love lost between us and Croc shoes, dill pickles, and people who litter). This is just another example of the ways that love and other emotions can be tied together. Spanish Love Quote #: When You Want to Be Honest (but Funny) El amor entra por la cocina. Our last Spanish love quote is another one that has a literal and a figurative translation. Literally, this sentence means, â€Å"Love enters through the kitchen.† But what it’s really saying is that the quickest way to a person’s heart is through their stomach. And if that’s not true, we don’t know what is! The 20 Words and Phrases You Need to Know to Write Your Own Romantic Spanish Quotes Like we mentioned before, the quotes above can help you start to understand Spanish a little better. But the best way to improve your Spanish for the Spanish AP exam is practice...and what better way to do that than by writing your own Spanish love quotes? To get you started, we’ve put together a list of twenty of the most romantic Spanish words and phrases. Check them out below! Spanish Word/Phrase English Translation El abrazo hug El beso kiss novio/novia boyfriend/girlfriend El amor love enamorar to fall in love Eres lindo/Eres linda You’re cute La sonrisa smile extraà ±ar To miss (as in, to miss someone special) Te necesito I need you Te amo I love you Yo tambià ©n te amo I love you, too amar To love carià ±o/a darling Estoy enamorado/a I’m in love prometido/a fiancee El matrimonio marriage besar To kiss corazà ³n heart pasià ³n passion querido/a Loved one What’s Next? Let’s keep the vocabulary work going! Here’s a list of the 71 body parts you should know how to talk about in Spanish- and the two most import rules to remember when talking about body parts in Spanish. But there’s more to learning Spanish than just memorizing vocabulary words. You also have to learn how to conjugate verbs, too. (Actually, conjugation might be the hardest part!) The verb â€Å"to be† is a good place to start because it’s super common and really versatile. This guide not only gives you every conjugation of ser you need to know...but it teaches you how to use ser in a sentence, too! If you’re studying Spanish in school, you might consider taking the SAT Spanish Subject Test. But what is it, exactly? Check out this run-down of the SAT Spanish Subject Test, then pop over and take a peek at our ultimate study guide. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Ashley Robinson About the Author Ashley Sufflà © Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.41d96b0e-c57e-4878-ac70-9a4e9dc9f76e'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

How to Write a Presentation in Mathematics Ultimate Guide #038; 15 Interesting Topics

How to Write a Presentation in Mathematics Ultimate Guide #038; 15 Interesting Topics Looking for advice on how to write a presentation is mathematics? Many students experience difficulties in the beginning writing because they lack confidence in their own abilities or just don’t know how to start. On our website, you can find a lot of full guides to all writing assignments out there and here is an easy step-by-step guide on how to plan, structure, and write a good math presentation. We will also provide you with a short list of interesting math presentation topics and offer you some tips on how to prepare slides and deliver a powerful presentation and impress your audience. What Is a Presentation in Mathematics? The goal of math presentation is to inform an audience about a specific topic. It can be done in a form of a lecture, a talk at a colloquium or a speech at an academic conference. Speaking in public may be scary because no one actually teaches students to deliver a speech but you will feel more confident and avoid anxiety if you take time to prepare well and follow a certain formula. Today, most presentations make some use of visuals and the most common technique is using PowerPoint. That’s why the ability to make a PowerPoint presentation is a valuable skill which can be useful for any student and can help them succeed in the academic and professional career. But before you start making slides, you need to choose an engaging topic and write a text of your presentation. Another way to approach making your math presentation is to plan your slides and your oral presentation together because they are actually mutually supporting activities. Writing well in math requires practice, careful composition, editing, and proofreading as well as attention to detail and target audience. Keep in mind that writing in mathematics should be clear, precise, concise, and objective. It often involves combining precise descriptions with calculations, equations, algorithms, proofs, graphs, tables, code, and more. When making your math presentations, you should communicate mathematical ideas with clarity to enhance your audience’s knowledge on the subject and provide them with insight. Choosing a Good Topic for a Presentation in Mathematics The general recommendation is that you should choose a topic you are interested in. You will enjoy working on your project and your audience will notice that you are passionate about the subject of your oral presentation and will appreciate it. And you’ll feel more confident when making your presentation. But you should also choose a topic with your target audience in mind. Your audience could be students in the class, math majors and the faculty. Remember that some people may not be familiar with your particular topic so you should determine the level of knowledge of your audience. You should tailor the complexity of your presentation to the needs of those who will listen to it. Choose a subject that you think your intended audience will like but don’t expect that they know much about it. Here is a short list of topics for a fabulous math presentation. You may use them for inspiration. Fermat’s Last Theorem; Definite Integral as Limit of Sum; Theoretical and Experimental Probability; Representing Linear Systems with Matrices; General and Particular Solutions to Differential Equations; Second Derivatives of Parametric Equations; Partial Derivative and Gradient; Linear Dependence and Independence; Squeeze Theorem for Sequences; Applications of Integrals; Modeling Data Distributions; Extreme Value Theorem; Convergent and Divergent Sequences; Linear Combinations and Spans; Solving General Triangles. Plan Your Math Presentation and Create an Outline Any presentation should be straightforward and logical. It’s up to you to decide how you are going to present your message but you’d better avoid complex structures. For example, you may use some basic presentation structure like this one: An engaging and informative introduction where you present your subject; Several key points you want to cover communicated in a logical sequence; A compelling and purposeful conclusion that wraps up your talk. In fact, structuring a math presentation doesn’t differ much from writing a report or an essay. And you should make sure that all parts of your talk are linked clearly. Now let’s discuss the parts of the basic presentation structure one by one. Introduction In the introduction, you need to explain the content of your presentation and its purpose. It’s the most important section of your presentation because you need to gain your listeners’ interest and confidence. If you deliver a speech in front of the people who don’t know you, you should start with introducing yourself like this: ‘Good afternoon, my name is John and†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Then, you have to tell your audience what you are going to discuss and how you will approach your subject (describe, evaluate, compare, contrast etc.): ‘I am going to explore †¦ and I will be describing the concept and comparing it to †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ You should also tell about the expected outcome of your talk: ‘I hope this explanation will provide us with a better understanding of †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Besides, you should explain what your listeners will need to do, for example, whether they can ask questions: ‘At the end of my presentation, I will pass around a handout with a summary of my key points and you will be able to ask questions.’ You may explain to your audience why you are interested in the subject, tell them an anecdote or start with a provocative question. Then you need to present your thesis statement and briefly overview your outline. You may give some background information to provide a context for your subject and define some important terms. You can also relate the subject of your math presentation to other topics. Major Points You need to tell your audience about your research. Reread your research notes and choose 3 main points what you would like to make. Then think about supporting information that you can use to clarify them. Don’t try to include more than 3 ideas in a short presentation because your audience may find it hard to follow such a complex argument without the significant assistant from the presenter. You can include factual data, explanations of the processes, formulas, equations, and complex terms or provide some details about possible applications. You can clarify your argument using diagrams and support your claims with appropriate data. Try to use intuitive definitions and simple examples, avoiding technical details. It’s important to ensure the logical flow of your presentation so you should use linking statements to highlight your next points and link them to the previous ideas. They will show how your major points fit together and will help your audience follow your logic. You may say: ‘The next stage in our research was †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘I will begin by explaining †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Another important aspect to consider is †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Conclusion An effective conclusion is your last chance to impress your audience and make your math presentation memorable. In this part of your talk, you should provide a summary of your content, remind about the purpose of your talk, and briefly overview what you managed to achieve. Remember that your listeners won’t remember your entire presentation in mathematics – they can remember only the key ideas so you should review and reinforce them. After that, you can give your listeners some recommendations about taking this work further and thank your audience for their attention. Finally, you should invite them to ask questions or comment on your ideas. How to Prepare Slides for a Presentation in Mathematics When you prepare PowerPoint slides, you need to organize the key information in bulleted lists. You should tailor the number of the slides and their order to the content of your presentation. The first slide should act like the title page and include the title of your presentation, your name, the name of your university, and the date. Make sure that your title is short and informative. You can also include an abstract where you may indicate the level of your presentation but you don’t need to read this slide aloud. For example, you may write: ‘This presentation is suitable for those who have studied exponential and logarithmic functions.’ Devote the next several slides to introduction or background information. Then make some slides showing the results of your investigation and include supporting output and graphs. Continue presentation with a conclusion where you tell about some strength and weaknesses or outline the future study. Your last slides should be devoted to references. Follow these tips to make your slides visually appealing: Don’t include too much information on one slide because too many definition and formulas are hard to follow; Place only one idea on one slide. Write not more than 6 words per line and 6 lines per slide; Use a very large font (at least 24 pt) consistently for all slides; Use multiple colors to organize your information to help your views understand it; Use key words and key phrases instead of sentences; Include tables, graphs, charts, models, lists, and animations; Use images and accompany them by a small amount of words; Don’t make too many slides. Make one slide per minute of your oral presentation; Be careful with colors and designs and resist the temptation to include lots of slide builds because they may distract your audience. Edit and Proofread the Content When you finish the final draft of your presentation in mathematics, you should review it and edit to ensure that your ideas are conveyed in the most effective way. First, check your language and remove jargon and complicated terms. Try to keep technical terms to a minimum. If you use some of them several times, try to remind your audience about their specific meaning from time to time. Use thesaurus and a good dictionary to enhance word choice replace generic words with more specific ones. Check your sentences and keep their structures simple. Remember that people will be listening to your ideas and not reading. Check the logical flow and improve it to ensure that your audience will be able to follow your argument and draw the conclusions for themselves. Check spelling, grammar, and punctuation and make sure that your slides, illustrations, captions, titles, etc. are error-free. Practice Delivering Your Math Presentation You should practice delivering your presentation in advance with a real audience even if it is one person (or your cat). And you should do it several times to make sure that your talk fits within the time parameters. A good idea is to prepare prompts that will help you remember what to say next and will prevent you from reading your presentation. In this way, you will increase your credibility as a speaker. Create small cue cards with lists of main points, supporting details, and examples and number your cards to see their sequence. You will feel more confident if you rehearse your presentation in front of the mirror. In this way, you will learn to control your posture and your body language. Any oral presentation is actually a performance. If you want to impress your audience, you should do your best to act as a confident speaker. Many people feel nervous when they have to deliver a talk in front of an audience so it’s quite natural if you feel worried too. Being well-prepared will help you reduce anxiety. That’s why you should rehearse a lot and make sure that your cue cards are arranged in the right order. Besides, you should check that all visuals work properly. When giving your math presentation, you should smile so at least, you will appear relaxed. It’s better to speak using a formal but a conversational tone and avoid colloquial language. You should slow down or make pauses to emphasize important points. We hope that our easy guide will help you prepare and deliver an effective oral presentation in mathematics that will make a great impact on your audience. Follow these useful tips to feel more confident during your math presentation and you are sure to succeed.

Road traffic accidents in Kerala Essay Essay Example

Road traffic accidents in Kerala Essay Essay Example Road traffic accidents in Kerala Essay Essay Road traffic accidents in Kerala Essay Essay Traffic accidents are a major cause of decease and hurts universe broad. but while they are worsening in many parts of the developed universe. human deaths are still on the rise in many developing states including India. In our province more than half of the route accident victims are in the age group of 20 to 55. the key pay gaining and child raising age group. The loss of the chief staff of life victor and caput of family due to decease or disablement can be ruinous. taking to take down life criterions and poorness. The chief causes of the increasing decease rates in the Road Accidents are:Not cognizing or non following right driving wonts.Increasing figure of New coevals vehicles particularly Two Wheelers.Aggressive driving behaviour of Heavy vehicle drivers particularly Private Buses A ; Tipper Lorries.Drivers kiping while driving particularly of Heavy vehicles A ; light motor vehicles after midnight due to tire and other grounds.Over hurrying.Bad status of Roads and absence of different lanes.Driver /Rider’s ignorance of Road conditions. Road marks and the Environmental factors.Driver /Rider’s ignorance or misdemeanor of Traffic Rules.Drunken Driving/Driving without place belt.Driving without Helmet. All route users should retrieve that route is to be shared amongst all. Requirements of different route users may differ harmonizing to fortunes and observation of traffic regulations and consideration for the fellow users can cut down congestions. traffic jams and accidents. All route users must guarantee that they Obey traffic regulations at all timesObey all traffic signals and route singsGive penchant to exigency vehicles and other fast traveling vehicles wherever conditions allow.Mandatory usage signals who turning. halting. over taking decelerating down and parkingPark merely in designated countries.Give due consideration to walkers at all timesKeep within permitted velocity bounds at all times.

BMW AG (Bried Description Of The Company) Assignment

BMW AG (Bried Description Of The Company) - Assignment Example 4. M sport exhausts system installation on BMW 650i Coupe or BMW 650I convertible models. M sport exhaust system, which is a motor-racing inspired device, helps in reducing the exhaust backpressure and assist the acoustics of the V8 power unit when the vehicle accelerates or decelerates (Bragman 1). The new 6-series cars aims at providing high motor racing cars with a driver assistant system features of 5-series model. The new model would be relevant for use during spring. Since the extensions aims at improving the features of 5-series that already exist, the production fits line extension strategy. Line extension strategy is advantageous to the company because of its low cost and risks involved compared to conventional strategies such as creation of new brands in the same line. Economic advantage of line extension informs the decision by BMW group to advance from its 5 to 6 Series Models. Marketers can speculate and predict future trends in sales of extended brands compared to innovative brands newly introduced in into the market. BMW group’s decision to advance its BMW and MINI models was effective in increasing sales and heightening competitive edge for its rival companies in the industry. Existing consumer awareness renders brand extension as viable strategy compared to introduction of new brands in the market. It is easier to create awareness and imagery for extended brand than brands that are new in the market. Extended brands have associations with the main brand and, therefore, easier to market that new brands. BMW group’s decision to extend its brand from 5 to 6 Series is feasible because it enhanced promotion of extended brand based on consumers’ knowledge of the main brand. Consumer trust on the main brand renders it easier to market extended brands compared to new brands. Extensions benefit from existing consumer trust. Consumers have high likelihood of trying extended brands

RITUALS&SYMBOLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RITUALS&SYMBOLS - Essay Example Most of the people were dressed nice, but some were wearing blue jeans and nice T-shirts with tennis shoes. The overall impression was a group of fashionable suburbanites at one of their more important social gatherings. The church looked as if it had been constructed sometime in the past ten years. It was relatively large and didn’t necessarily look like the traditional country church with steeple. Instead, it was shaped almost like an L, made of light brown brick and creamy white siding with darker brown brick accenting the cornerstones and other features. At one end of the church, there was an impressive open-air tower that might have been a modern interpretation of the old steeple. The roofs were sharply peaked and tiled in green, giving the church a very natural appearance as if it had been placed there by God for the use of his servants. Inside, the first thing a person entered was the lobby. This was a long, very wide corridor that was lined with windows and covered with skylights. This made it seem almost like standing outside, but was protected from the elements and could be heated and cooled at appropriate times. For those who feel the only proper worship should be held outside, this lobby was very close to bringing the outside in. The light associated with God seemed very welcome and people were offered drinks, food and religious reading or listening material as they passed by small tables. The sanctuary didn’t have as much light, but regular windows, curtained with soft, gauzy white fabric, also allowed plenty of natural light to stream in from the edges. The large array of pipes for the pipe organ stood impressively behind the altar with the choir standing in front of it singing a hymn and making it obvious that music was a large portion of this church’s worship. A large wooden cross and plenty of green potted plants, mostly palm-type plants, decorated the altar as well, again bringing to mind the concept of the natural

Standard Practices of the Magistrate Court Outline

Standard Practices of the Magistrate Court - Outline Example The main aim of this research presented in this outline was to determine if there is a specific combination of factors that leads to a ruling of guilty, or to a guilty plea. If there is such a combination, research should show what the factors are that make it up. Should there not be an identifiable pattern to guilty pleas, the data provided by this research should be able to point future researchers in the right direction. The methodology used by the researcher was Ethnographic Observation as this allowed the researcher to quietly observe the proceedings without altering those proceedings with their presence. Multiple cases were observed in several different courtrooms to allow for maximum opportunity of fully comprehensive data. At the end of the 3-week placement, the data was analyzed and evaluated for patterns of consistency. At the end of the 3-week placement period, the data gathered was to be analyzed for patterns of consistency in what age and gender groups are most frequentl y brought before the Magistrate Court, and on what charges they are brought forth. The conclusion reached at the end of this research was that lay magistrates, unable to lean on the legal training they do not have, are essentially forced to rely on tangible evidence presented to them in the courtroom. Although the tangible evidence they rely on may or may not have anything to do with the actual case, there is clear evidence that the defendant’s appearance in court influences the judgments handed down.

Is Asia primed for increased rivalry or greater co-operation Term Paper

Is Asia primed for increased rivalry or greater co-operation - Term Paper Example These include the North Korean Taepodong missiles and nuclear research crises, the impact of the financial crisis on Asian countries and subsequent socio-economic turmoil, and conflict over the Taiwan Straits (Welch & Milne, 2014: p67). However, although the Asian region is a highly unstable one, the reasons for this rivalry are not entirely tied to these events as several scholars have claimed. While Friedberg’s argument contends that Asia cannot move towards cooperation due to its multi-polar geopolitics, the United States’ strategic interests in the region provide a stabilising power balance. In addition, the dearth of democratic and strong regional institutions, which is also part of his argument, would seem to contradict evidence showing the opposite as Indo-Sino cooperation is increasing (Alagappa, 2011: p157). In fact, regional actors pose the largest threat to stability and increased cooperation in Asia. The extremely different and isolationist values and beliefs professed by these actors make sovereignty contests in Taiwan and Korean waters a potential cause of military rivalry and conflict. These potential but intangible causes of rivalry and conflict should be given the closest attention. Moreover, the role played by the US in Asia cannot be ignored as its strategic military strength and alliances make it the dominant power (Alagappa, 2011: p159). T his paper will aim to use three theoretical paradigms of international relations: the realist, liberal, and constructivist approaches, in examining the regional environment in Asia and forming a more considerate and accurate assessment of prospects for increased rivalry or cooperation in Asia. The liberal, realist, and constructivist approaches to IR offer different perspectives of what governs the behaviour of state actors, especially in the promotion of stability and cooperation or rivalry and conflict (Lanyi & McWilliams, 2013: p90). The realist school of IR thought considers power to be the main

Color blindness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Color blindness - Essay Example Color blindness is usually caused by genetic problem where men are more prone to this condition. There are many test developed to distinguish those color blind (Turnbull, 2011). One of the ways to test if the person is color blind is to let the person read or recognize a message consisted of dots with colors (Turnbull, 2011). According to studies, there is no cure for this type of condition. This is one thing that is very disheartening to those affected by color blindness. But the case of Virgil who suffered virtual blindness since his early childhood was a story of hope for those who are color blind. Ever since he was young, he had thick cataracts and a speculated retinitis pigmentosa. Nearing to his wedding day, Dr. Hamlin gave the 50 year old Virgil a new hope to see. When his medical history was by reviewed Dr. Hamlin, it was discovered that there was no problem with his retina since he can still see light and dark. It was only his cataracts that were said to have been destructed and the only cure was the simple cataract extraction procedure. Since there was just little surgical risk, Virgil agreed to undergo the procedure. Miraculously, after the surgery, Virgil was able to see and eventually, his vision was restored. The experience of getting the sense of sight back was not as easy as Virgil and his family expected. It was much difficult than a child getting his sight because in Virgil’s case, he was already fed with a lot of information thus there was a radical change in his neurological functioning. Virgil faced a terrible experience when he got his sight back. However, this will just be a temporary situation because after he will be able to grasp and adjust, he will be seeing like the visually gifted people. The gift of sight to Virgil was a miracle and the best gift he could ever receive for his wedding and his life. According to Kozlov (2011), it is

Is Asia primed for increased rivalry or greater co-operation Term Paper

Is Asia primed for increased rivalry or greater co-operation - Term Paper Example These include the North Korean Taepodong missiles and nuclear research crises, the impact of the financial crisis on Asian countries and subsequent socio-economic turmoil, and conflict over the Taiwan Straits (Welch & Milne, 2014: p67). However, although the Asian region is a highly unstable one, the reasons for this rivalry are not entirely tied to these events as several scholars have claimed. While Friedberg’s argument contends that Asia cannot move towards cooperation due to its multi-polar geopolitics, the United States’ strategic interests in the region provide a stabilising power balance. In addition, the dearth of democratic and strong regional institutions, which is also part of his argument, would seem to contradict evidence showing the opposite as Indo-Sino cooperation is increasing (Alagappa, 2011: p157). In fact, regional actors pose the largest threat to stability and increased cooperation in Asia. The extremely different and isolationist values and beliefs professed by these actors make sovereignty contests in Taiwan and Korean waters a potential cause of military rivalry and conflict. These potential but intangible causes of rivalry and conflict should be given the closest attention. Moreover, the role played by the US in Asia cannot be ignored as its strategic military strength and alliances make it the dominant power (Alagappa, 2011: p159). T his paper will aim to use three theoretical paradigms of international relations: the realist, liberal, and constructivist approaches, in examining the regional environment in Asia and forming a more considerate and accurate assessment of prospects for increased rivalry or cooperation in Asia. The liberal, realist, and constructivist approaches to IR offer different perspectives of what governs the behaviour of state actors, especially in the promotion of stability and cooperation or rivalry and conflict (Lanyi & McWilliams, 2013: p90). The realist school of IR thought considers power to be the main

Administrative Decision Making & The Constitution at Work Essay

Administrative Decision Making & The Constitution at Work - Essay Example Additionally, differences among administrative theory would tend to vary on matters between management and operation, for example, the difference between getting things done and doing things. However, no matter the number of evolving administrative theories, it is the same skill that is required universally; in the industry; government as well as home management (Kennedy and Shultz 2011). The policy/administration dichotomy was a leadership theory that was popular during the early years of public administration mostly due to business principles used in managing the government (Henry 1975). As years passed by, dichotomy requested for politics to be removed in the administration section of the government. This left politics to officials elected who make policy. In short, Reformers used the idea of policy/administration dichotomy to reform/ change the government structure particularly in both politicians and administrators. The dichotomy theory did not intend to threaten those in power because it ensured that politicians would make relevant policies and other related decisions whilst the administrator would be the person in charge of implementing the made policies. Political neutrality is vital because it enabled the different government officials that are the politicians and the administrators to stick to their roles and ensured that no role was duplicated. In the past , public administration performed in public organization which was only in the grounds of accounting instead of, the actual performance of implementing existing policies. Today, public administration role in decision making is an important role, particularly in the management of and, control of public bureaucracy (Kennedy and Shultz 2011). The six paradigms by Henry clearly illustrate how public administration has changed and become more defined over the years. The first paradigm is about

Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Blood Brothers Essay It feels like he is this omnipotent being and he is deciding the fate of all the children. Its almost as if he is the emotion that everyone wants to avoid but no one is doing anything about it, Mrs Johnstone carries on in her life pretending that she isnt superstitious and although there is this undying voice inside her saying that she is and one day Mickey and Edward are going to die. This voice is what the Narrator is, he is fate and Mrs Johnstone chooses to ignore it but she knows you cant change fate. On the stage he is always there, he is omnipresent, this constant being there shows that the thoughts of Mrs Johnstone are still there and that nothing you do will undo the past. Mrs Johnstone has to live with the decision of what she has done but she chooses to ignore it. The Narrator can be viewed upon as the referee of life (or as you might God), you know the rules and now you have to follow the rules (the superstition) but Mrs Johnstone turns a blind eye, forgets about it and pretends that it will never happen, but she must follow the rules. Prejudice Prejudice is a fixed opinion, which is not based on a fair examination of the facts. The picture with the black and white boy and the so-called magical stick (simply because we dont know what it is) is a base of which many different scenes can be produced and discussions can take place. The children come across as innocent, possibly that they have no reason to be prejudice against each other but through past happenings (lynching in America and the KKK) their parents want them to be prejudice to supposable keep them from harm. It shows that possibly prejudice to this degree is only set in motion if something terrible happens by a specific type of people (the KKK killing black people) and that when it comes down to it the people themselves are not the same as the people who have done this feat. Suppose that everyone in the world was white and everyone was the same religion, height, age etc. but despite this the KKK would exist and the lynching would still go on; people would find another way to view differences, where you live or even your surname. My point is that I think its human nature to take a dislike against different people, if you look back hundreds of years and people lived in remote places (tribes for example) and a tribe moved to join another tribe, because the new tribe is different it presents its self with a new variable, that it could jeopardise the well-being of the original tribe. So this original tribe will try and eliminate this variable (driving them away or even killing them) to stop it from harming their own tribe. You can translate this to the black people moving into America and the white people living there trying to protect them by getting rid of any new possible threat. Mickey and Edwards first meeting and an evaluation of two groups Francis (me), Jamie and Barry   There was a nice mime of the gun from me as I sat on the apron of the stage. It was good because the gun I made in my hands by pointing one of my fingers out and it looked as though it was a gun because it took the form of a gun well. We did some good work even though we had only one lesson to get it done in. It was good work because we learnt most of our words and got the blocking sorted. The giggling after the F word was good because it was very childish because I and Jamie looked as if we were embarrassed.   My body language was good, my arms movements were exaggerated and typical of a seven year old because that is how the act with their arms.   Even though Jamie lost his place in the play, he didnt come out of character and got back on tracks very quickly. Very good facial and body language from all of use and especially me, me and Jamies facial expressions matched seven year olds expressions and Barrys face showed that he was pissed off and he acted as though he was the boss by talking louder and demanding respect.We could of have improved by thoroughly learning the script and concentrating more on our actions. James and Richard   Both of them learnt the script and did not lose their place or forget their words. They didnt fully use their hand movement so they couldnt act exactly as a seven year old would because people at that age use their hands.   When they said the F word they looked as though they were very excited and embarrassed. They looked like this because they acted as young people would when they heard a naughty word; they did this by having wide eyes and giggling immensely.   When James said pissed off it was well done because it sounded as though he really was pissed off. Only on one incident did James forget his words, but nether the less he still kept in character and sorted it out by referring to the script. What I have learnt about the class differences between the twins I have learnt that Edwards class is most probably upper class; either this or they are very rich middle class people. I have learnt that Mrs and Mr Lyons have a highly etiquette way of living, for example they do not allow swearing of any form whereas with Mrs Johnstones way of living swearing occurs frequently. Mickeys class is probably lower class, which is they do not have a large amount of money or income. She has many children and works very hard for Mrs Lyons but still does not get a large income. I have learnt that its most likely that Mrs Johnstones family expresses their emotions more often than Mrs Lyons family; this could be because Mrs Johnstone does not have as much material possessions compared with Mrs Lyons so she spends more time in her free time with her kids. On the contrast Mrs Lyons has many material possessions so she doesnt spend that much time with Edward because hes playing with his toys (for example). The changing attitudes between Mickey and Edward Through the play the twins attitude changes in aspects of their lives, for example them being blood brothers forever and the relationship between each other. When they were both seven years old they took delight in knowing that they were born on the same day, furthermore they made each other their blood brother. They were both immensely thrilled by this new bond they made and longed to be like each other. However when they grew older their views on being a blood brother changed, especially for Mickey who grows up and realises that he previous action of becoming a blood brother is childs play. He says that while no one was looking I grew up, and I think that because of his harsh life with not much money he stops believing in the childish act and starts realizing that he has to open his eyes and stop playing games. However with Edward he hasnt got a single worry in his life because he has lots of money a good social life and really not many initial problems at all; so because of this he still believes in this blood brother stuff because he hasnt grown up and found out what the world was really like. He still lives in a pampered world where anything he wants (and because he is an only child he is spoilt) he gets, he can afford to play games and Mickey cant. Edward doesnt realize no important a job is, why why is a job so important because he can live off his parent income if he wants to, but Mickey knows that without a job hell have no money and because he mum cant afford extra school he cant get the grades to get a good job. Mickeys attitude towards life changes the most, when he was seven he saw everything as a game and didnt have any real problem to worry about. Although as he grows up he realises that he needs money and a steady income and him being a blood brother with Edward is just a childrens game. On the other hand Edward has gone to university, he can use his parents money to give him anything he wants and he hasnt yet realised what life is really like when your throw in the deep end without any support, so because of this his attitude of being a blood brother hasnt changed dramatically. How we acted these changes out We acted out the first time Mickey and Edwards first meeting, this showed that they are immensely fascinated with each other and wanted to be just like each other, furthermore on top of this they are born on the same day and become blood brothers. To show further how this friendship was good I wrote a monologue showing how Edward was dumfounded with Mickeys knowledge and who he is and that he wants to play and be friends and blood brothers forever. Later on in the play where the most time and the most dramatic difference was noticeable where they had spent the most time away form each other was when Edward got back to Mickey from university. We acted this out in a workshop and showed that Mickey was extremely livid by his job and Edwards fortune. Edward had friends he had money and he had just come back from university and he had a great time, whereas Mickey was just working for minimal pay putting together cardboard boxes. When we see Edward and Mickey meet for the first time Mickey expresses that he hasnt grown up and he makes him sick. Mickey has put up with so much when Edward was at university and his nerves were stretched to breaking point and as soon as the person who is most like him in the world comes home and sees that he is doing very well, he snaps mentally. I think that this is why he is forced into taking drugs. We acted this difference out by showing that Mickey was very angry and livid by the thought of Edward and that he saw him self as a failure, no job and even when he had one it was a very poor job, and Edward doing extremely well makes him feel even worse. The workshop During the workshop I learnt that gesture and hand movements are very important to express emotions and that it isnt all through the voice. I learnt that you can use swear words, gesture and actions which provoke something in the audience but only once or twice because after a couple of times it doesnt have the same effect that it has the first time. I learnt to know that when your on the stage its your stage no one elses so you do not have to rush what you are saying because you are the one on stage and nobody is their to take it away; space between what you are saying. Also that when Mickey is angry and listing all the things that he is angry about I know that it is a good idea to rise in anger as you progress, because Mickey thinks of one thing which makes him angry then he says another and he knows that there are many things that he is angry about; so it topples on top of all the things he is angry or upset about in one frame of mind. In the workshop I learnt that you must always try your best if you want to become an actor (or any other profession) and that if you have an ambition, you should pursue it fully. The best performance When the people in our group performed I thought that Ned performed well; although there is only one criticism I can offer. His charisma on the stage is very good; he projects his voice and shows very well what the character is feeling. When he was playing Mickey and expressing how Mickey felt about his life he did it in such a way that you felt very sympathetic towards him; me must have emphasised a lot to understand what he feeling. The only criticism I can make is that when he acts as though he is upset or angry he tends to do it all the same. His acting at expressing those emotions are very good but he tends to do the same acting for different characters. I just feel that not everybody is angry or upset in the same way, there are many different ways of being angry so I think he should a larger variety of different ways of expressing different emotions.

Project Complete Duration By Using Network Diagram Construction Essay

Project Complete Duration By Using Network Diagram Construction Essay Time of activity is calculated in forward pass and backward pass to determine float. Forward pass (earliest start + duration = earliest finish) to calculates earliest event time of activity which estimates project complete time for example; activity F earliest finish days are 18 (14 + 4). Latest event time of activity is calculated in backward pass (latest finish duration = latest start) to determine activity in critical path and with float such as activity H latest start day are 20 (22 2). Total float = Latest finish Earliest start Duration. For example, float for activity C is 3 days (12 days 6 days -3 days) Activity A to Q is calculated in a forward pass; therefore project duration is 47 days (Table 1). Critical path are activity with zero float such as activity B (6 days 4 days 2 days) base on above formula and others activities. Below are the activities in critical path. Project will compete on 12 April 2011 which is calculated in a forward pass with 5 days working week exclude Saturday and Sunday (Table 2). For example, project start on 7 February 2011, activity A project duration is 4 days, therefore activity A will finish at 10 February 2011. a) 1 day delay during activity F, project still complete on 47 days due to activity F have 4 days float. Even thought delay 1 day, activity F still got 3 days float (4 days 1 days = 3 days). b) Activity P falls under critical path which mean activity with zero float. Therefore 1 day delay will increase project complete date from original 47 days to 48 days (47 days + 1 days delay = 48 days). c) Activity Q is last activity. Activity Q also is an activity with zero float and on critical path. Conclusion, 1 day delay in activity Q will delay whole project complete date by 1 day. Then new project complete date will be 48 days in state of 47days. Question 6 Project complete duration can be estimate by using network diagram. It helps project manager to monitor project easier base on duration of each activity. In other words, it helps manager to estimate the earliest time for activities to start and finish. On other hand it also helps to predict latest start and finish time for the activities to complete whole project without delay. Furthermore, network diagram is link among each activity, it provide clear picture on how each activity perform in project and on critical path which may influence project duration if there is any delay. Besides, it saves research time and speed out the time to solve the problem which helps to avoid delay in project. Moreover, activities in network diagram are depending of their completion means activity A must finish before activity B start. Each activity needs different time and resources to complete its part. Thus project manager able to allocate and fully utilize each activity time and resources with limited time and resources given. Network diagram show the activities in critical path. Base on this information, project manager able to forecast and monitor on those activities fall in critical path properly to avoid any delay during the project. In case of delay, project manager able to plan the necessary step to backup the activity delay so the project will complete on time. Base on network diagram, project manager able to make a decision whether project should speed out to save costs because of the shorter duration to complete or there is any opportunity costs while speeds out process take part. According to this, project manager able to monitor the budget with actual cost in each activity to avoid over budget from the project which may affect project future profit. (636 word) Appendix Reference http://tutor2u.net/business/production/critical-path-analysis.htm (view on 9/9/10 8:42am) http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_purpose_of_a_network_diagram (view on 2/9/10 1:36pm) http://hadm.sph.sc.edu/courses/j716/cpm/cpm.html (view 9/9/10 9:01am) Mike Field and Laurie Keller (1998) Project Management The Open University, UK University of Sunderland (2005) SIM355 Managing Project, Version 2.0 The University of Sunderland, UK Date: 4th October 2010 To: Board of Directors From: Project Manager of Opening New Showroom in West England Reference: A report submitted to Board of Director of Cooper and Cooper on feasibility stage Project Management Preview of Opening New Showroom for 150,000sqm. Executive Summary Project management team had been tasked with the responsibilities to handle the project of Cooper and Cooper with objective to open new customized showroom which include workshop, administration office, luxury motor vehicles display and allow trading in buying and selling luxury customized vehicles. Project life cycle is used by project manager during project period to determine each stage in project life cycle is follow accordingly. Those stages are concept stage, development stage, implementation stage and terminal stage. By undertaking feasibility study, project manager develop a business case, establish goal and objective of Copper and Cooper at concept stage. STEEP analysis is use to focus on factors should aware before project start. Team member include team leader has appointed. In development stage, project plan has been created. It also includes financial plan by estimate total costs of the project and payback period. In addition, work breakdown structure has been created which helps in resources, quality, communication and procurement plan. Major categories risk has been determine and risk management model is use to manage risk. Implementation stage more concern about how project manager control and monitor whole project when it has been started. Motivation of team member is essential key during the project. Therefore leadership style help team member and project manager motivate team member. Project is complete at terminal stage and review of project has been done. Opening ceremony, trading and operation of new base is ready. Project manager and team member will be a consultant and relocated. List of Table Table 1: Stakeholder expectation to company 13 Table 2: STEEP analyses 15 Table 3: Work breakdown structure 16 Table 5: Prioritizing Potential Risks 18 Table 6: Estimate operation costs for the project 19 List of Chart Page 1 of 46 1 Page 7 of 46 2 Table of Contents List of Table 10 List of Chart 10 1.0INTRODUCTION 12 1.1Background of Cooper and Cooper 12 1.2Project Life Cycle 13 2.0CONCEPT STAGE 13 2.1Goal and Objective 13 2.2STEEP analysis 15 2.3Renovation and Security 16 2.4New Employment 16 3.0DEVELOPMENT STAGE 16 3.1Work Breakdown Structure 16 3.2Risk Categories 17 3.3Risk Management 18 3.4Risk Monitoring 18 3.5Cost Estimate 19 4.0IMPLEMENTATION STAGE 20 4.1Responding to risk 20 4.2Report Frequently 21 4.3Monitoring and Controlling 21 4.4Leadership and Motivation 22 4.5Managing and Administrating 23 4.6Approval from stakeholders 24 5.0TERMINATION STAGE 24 5.1Showroom preparation 24 5.2Open ceremony 24 5.3 Review and relocate team member 24 6.0CONCLUSION 25 APPENDIX 25 REFERENCE 45 Task 2 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to determine ability of the project management team to handle the project with objective to open new customized showroom which include workshop, administration office, motor vehicles display area, customer parking lots and associated landscaping. Background of Cooper and Cooper Automobile company normally faces the challenge on provides best product to customer which really met their requirement. Cooper and Cooper (CC) are company mainly focuses on customization of high quality motor vehicles such as Mercedes, Ferrari, Lamborghini, BMW and Range Rover. Currently, they have 1 base in the south West of England and had acquisition new additional base of 150,000sq meters to build a custom showroom that allow trading in buying and selling luxury customized vehicles. Project Life Cycle Project manager use project life cycle (PLC) to defined planning methodology which include goal setting, define costs, establish time and project controlling. PLC comprises four stages: concept, development, implementation and terminal (Chart 5 in appendix). CONCEPT STAGE Goal and Objective Goal and objective of company may create motivation and focus performance. Therefore effective objective must be specific, measurable, agreed, realistic and time limited (SMART). In addition, other objectives such as customer and employee satisfaction and ethical practices will increase value of company in long term (Table 1). Table 1: Stakeholder expectation to company Stakeholder Expectation from company shareholder Return on dividend base on money invest employee yearly salary increment and bonus government tax computation base on profit generate supplier Continue supplier and payment on time customer Services satisfaction Therefore, preproject evaluation should be use to monitor project objective and overall strategy of the CC. Chart 1 below shows world yearly production of motor vehicles. According to this table, CC goal is to achieve 25% of the selling luxury customize motor vehicles base on car production in UK and achieve sustainable growth of 20% annually. Chart 1: World motor vehicle production (source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/) (For a breakdown of production by country in the world, refer Table 8 in appendix) Most of companies determine selling price as a cost + profit but hereby non-cost principle: selling price cost = profit are better way for CC to determine the selling price. Reasonable and acceptable selling price will help to stay competitive. Lean management is the way to create a sustainable continual improvement strategy and goal. STEEP analysis Besides internet factors that influence by both shareholder and stakeholder, CC should focus on external factor that may affect project by using STEEP analyses before open new base which shows table 2 below: Table 2: STEEP analyses Social Increase population life style by create more job opportunity and more income Technologies Aware of rapid technologies change in environment which will affect productivity Economy Increase in life style, gross domestic production (GDP) will increase therefore economy of nation, company and employee of company will increase Ecological Better living environment such as improve in transportation, education and etc Political Aware on changes in government policies such as health and safety law for employee (Table 9 in appendix ) Renovation and Security Showroom design will create right mood for customer to purchase motor vehicles. Thus renovation is an essential sales tool. Furthermore, security of showroom is major concern with valuable motor vehicles display so security alarm system such as CCTV and infrared for night security should be installed. Table 10 in appendix shows the detail costs for renovation and estimate will complete in one year for date of commission. New Employment New head of project and departments such as engineering, customer services and etc should be employed to run new base daily activities. Therefore this showroom will provide employment for 60 people. Project team leader should be appointed to specially take care of each part of the activities base on their experience and skill. DEVELOPMENT STAGE Work Breakdown Structure Once concept stage had been approved by related parties and new team leader had been employed. Team leader will monitor and control their team activities on below work structure. Therefore project schedule can map out and cost able to estimate after completion of work breakdown structure (WBS). WBS also helps to identify risk of the project too. Table 3: Work breakdown structure Project Manager Renovation Finance Security Marketing and customer services HR and Admin Engineering Customize Decoration Sale Facilities Invoices Electrical Services Purchasing Customer research Entrance Receive Plumbing Recruitment Customer complain Cost Interior design Events show Payment Risk Categories Once work had been allocated, we need to categories type of the risk. Table 4 in below show the categories of risk which may face during project period: Table 4: Major categories of risk (source: SIM335 Managing project, UOS (2005)) Risk category Example Technical Fail to change and get information regarding new technology, design error or omissions Environment Culture of organization such as same model of motor vehicles not accept by all population in the world Financial Cash flow problem, budget cuts and corporate unpredictability Resources Specialize skill people and equipment not available Human Lack motivation for employee will increase human error, personality conflict and miscommunication Logistical Material supplier problem such as shortest in material or excess credit limit and period Government Different government policies for different countries and change in rules and regulation Market Motor vehicles model fail to meet customer requirement and competitor produce new motor vehicle with meet customer requirement Risk Management Risk categories had defined, risk management model is the way to manage risk (Table 11 in appendix). According to risk management, objective of project need to define then only able to identify potential risk and monitor whether impact of the risk to such project. Example, logistical risk will affect project duration in case lack material for renovation. This logistical risk can be preventing by sign contract with supplier to confirm they will supply sufficient material when there is shortage. Furthermore payment period and credit limit should monitor properly to avoid excess limit given by supplier. Logistical risk can be avoided by sign contract with supply. Thus this risk had transfer to supplier. Risk Monitoring Whole team member should work together to report, monitor and plan the risk when they find that potential risk rise. Potential risk event will impact project costs, time and scope. As a result, project costs will increase; time will extent and scope of business will be limited. Therefore prioritizing potential risks (Table 5) is useful to assessing risk on impact and ability to influence whole project. Table 5: Prioritizing Potential Risks High impact: Low ability to influence High impact: High ability to influence Low impact: Low ability to influence Low impact: High ability to influence Impact Ability to influence Site plan for new base should be submit to government department to get approval before renovation start. Equipment and material such as engine for motor vehicle should be purchase table 12 in appendix shows how purchasing procedure should be done. Cost Estimate In reality, most of the shareholders are concern with when can they get back their money after invest to this project. Table 6 below is the simple calculation on payback period for the equipment purchase. Base on below table; estimate payback period for project is 7 years because of the positives cumulative cash flow. Estimate costs for cash outflow are the operation cost incurred at initial of project (year 0) and there is no other additional cash. Cash inflow is the cash receive from the sales generate. Table 6: Estimate operation costs for the project IMPLEMENTATION STAGE Responding to risk According to risk categories and management in development stage, risk responsibility of stakeholders should take into consideration (Table 7). Table 7: Respond to risk (source: SIM335 Managing project, UOS (2005)) Risk respond Description Risk Reduction Deduce risk by hire lack experience employment. Risk Transfer Transfer risk to thirty parties by sign contract or agreement Risk Acceptance Accept risk rather plan it due to low impact Political risk cannot neither be reduce or transfer but only can be accept even thought impact is high Mitigating risk Reduce risk before event happen such as well maintain on technologies All project team member moves to site on this stage and project team leader should take care of their part to make sure project will complete as plan. Orientation given to all team members to make sure they know the procedure and activities they involve. Report Frequently Weekly meeting will conduct on every Monday morning for each team leader to participate on the status of their activity and problem facing. Problem will bring out to find the better solution to solve without delay project completion. Monitoring and Controlling Chart 2: Monitoring and controlling process (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monitoring_and_Controlling_Process_Group_Processes.jpg ) Project comparing planned outcome and actual outcome will be done on the meeting and ongoing project evaluation according to process flow in chart 2. This is to make sure actual cost of work perform will not exceed budgeted cost of work perform by 10% maximum and measure the status of the project. Submission of changes request form (table 13 in appendix) and project communication form (table 14 in appendixes) is compulsory in case of changes during the project. This is to monitor and control project quality and resources Leadership and Motivation Project Manager should ensure employment motivation during project period. Therefore Maslows hierarchy of needs will help to increase motivation (Chart 3) Chart 3: Maslows hierarchy of Needs (Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/hierarchyneeds.htm) Leader is the essential for increase motivation because leader role is to get things done and drive change through team member. Leadership styles as show in chart 4 below: Chart 4: Leadership style (source: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html) (For details of leadership styles, refer table 15 in appendix) Managing and Administrating Renovation such as floor, roof, stairs and external works undertake as per design which follow government rules and regulation. Electrical, gas and light installed after completion of ceiling renovation. Furniture and fitting, office equipment such as air-conditional and workshop facilities had been purchase and fix accordingly. Workshop and office area constructed at estimated size of 35,000sqm. High quality vehicles will display in showroom therefore showroom facilities and interior decoration done at estimated size of 95,000sqm. The balance 20,000sqm will as a parking lot for customer during entrance to showroom. Completions of showroom pass to shareholder and stakeholder to review and approved. Corrections actions will be done as per shareholder and stakeholder requirement. Approval from stakeholders After approval from stakeholder and shareholder base on renovation done, event team prepare for showroom opening ceremony. Motor vehicles will move in and display as per plan and design. Reconfirm all had been done and complete as per plan by using checklist (Table 16 in appendix). TERMINATION STAGE Showroom preparation 1 manager, 3 sales assistants and 2 administration assistant staffs will be employed as an operations team for the showroom. Showroom need to obtain Certificate of fitness from government agencies before start trading. Showroom operation hours are determined according to healthy and safety act. Open ceremony List down guest name for shareholder and stakeholder to decide who will be inviting for opening ceremony and sent out the invitation card to ceremony. All documents for project will be update and filling before signing off and finalist project. Review and relocate team member Project completion evaluation must be done to confirm completion of project by using project checklist (table 16 in appendix) and wait for opening ceremony. Once opening ceremony done, showroom can start to operate and trading for luxury customized vehicles. Project manager and team will base on Cooper and Cooper for at least six month after showroom open for consultation. CONCLUSION This report shows the purpose of the Cooper and Cooper to have new base. Project life cycle used to determine how project should conduct. At the concept stage of project life cycle, internal and external factors should be concern. Goal and objective, costs for renovation are determined. Development stage mention team leader and their member work base on work breakdown structure. Way to identify risk and necessary step should be taken for that potential risk. Implementation stage is the actual renovation work start in showroom and related equipment purchase. Correction step taken upon shareholder and stakeholder requirement. Termination stage is confirm project had completed and preparation for opening ceremony. Project manager and team member will relocate. (2064 words) APPENDIX Chart 5: Project life cycle (source: http://www.mpmm.com/project-management-methodology.php) Concept stage Development stage Implementation stage Terminal stage Table 8: Breakdown of production by country in the world (Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/) Country Cars Commercial vehicles Total % change Argentina 380,067 132,857 512,924 -14.10% Australia 188,158 39,125 227,283 -31.00% Austria 56,620 15,714 72,334 -52.20% Belgium 524,595 12,510 537,354 -25.80% Brazil 2,576,628 605,989 3,182,617 -1.00% Canada 822,267 668,365 1,490,632 -28.40% China 10,383,831 3,407,163 13,790,994 48.30% Czech Rep. 967,760 6,809 974,569 3.00% Egypt 60,249 32,090 92,339 -23.00% Finland 10,907 64 10,971 -38.70% France 1,819,462 228,196 2,047,658 -20.30% Germany 4,964,523 245,334 5,209,857 -13.80% Hungary 180,500 2,040 182,540 -47.30% India 2,166,238 466,456 2,632,694 12.90% Indonesia 352,172 112,644 464,816 -22.60% Iran 1,359,520 35,901 1,395,421 9.50% Italy 661,100 182,139 843,239 -17.60% Japan 6,862,161 1,072,355 7,934,516 -31.50% Malaysia 447,002 42,267 489,269 -7.80% Mexico 942,876 618,176 1,561,052 -28.00% Netherlands 50,620 25,981 76,601 -42.20% Poland 819,000 65,133 884,133 -7.10% Portugal 101,680 24,335 126,015 -28.10% Romania 279,320 17,178 296,498 20.90% Russia 595,839 126,592 722,431 -59.60% Serbia 8,720 1,355 10,075 -13.40% Slovakia 461,340 461,340 -19.90% Slovenia 202,570 10,179 212,749 7.50% South Africa 222,981 150,942 373,923 -33.60% South Korea 3,158,417 354,509 3,512,926 -8.20% Spain 1,812,688 357,390 2,170,078 -14.60% Sweden 128,738 27,600 156,338 -49.30% Taiwan 183,986 42,370 226,356 23.70% Thailand 313,442 685,936 999,378 -28.30% Turkey 510,931 358,674 869,605 -24.20% Ukraine 65,646 3,649 69,295 -83.60% UK 999,460 90,679 1,090,139 -33.90% USA 2,246,470 3,462,382 5,708,852 -34.30% Uzbekistan 110,200 7,700 117,900 -43.30% Supplementary 302,450 110,109 412,559 -22.40% Total 47,952,995 13,761,694 61,714,689 -12.80% Table 9: Summary of Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulation 1992 UK lay down minimum standards for workplace and work in or near building (source: www.cipd.co.uk) Employers duties and obligation to provide health and safety working environment for their employee Publish a health and safety policy Arrange for the appointment of health and safety representatives Establish a health and safety committee if requested by a recognized trade union Appoint a competent person to evaluate risks and hazards Arrange periodic risk assessment Consult with employee health and safety representatives Present and inform employee of risks and combat risks at sources Arrange protection from unavoidable risks Provide health-risk surveillance and safety training Provide safety training Monitor and improve safety arrangements Comply with the updated provision concerning healthy and safety posters and leaflets Adopt work to the individual especially with respect to the design of workplaces Alleviate monotonous work and develop a prevention policy Appoint one or more competent persons to assist in undertaking preventative and protective measures Establish procedures to be followed in the event of serious and imminent danger to persons working in the company Require person at work who are exposed to serious and imminent danger to be informed of the nature of the hazards and steps taken to protect them Table 10: Cost breakdown for renovation and security alarm system (source: www.davislangdon.com) Cost Breakdown Total cost ( £)  £/à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡(gifa) % Substructure 114,000 85.07 6.12 Excavation and disposal off-site: 320à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡25 Ground slab, footings, column bases, filling to levels: 1,060à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡100 Frame and upper floors 113,400 84.63 6.08 Structural steelwork; UB and UC sections: 55tn @  ¿Ã‚ ¡1,600 Suspended concrete floor on permanent formwork: 280à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡80 Fire protection to steelwork: Item @  ¿Ã‚ ¡3,000 Roof 73,900 55.15 3.97 Aluminium standing seam roof cladding, including purlins, trims, cappings, insulation: 1,190à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡50 Upstands: Item @  ¿Ã‚ ¡2,000 Mansafe system: 165m @  ¿Ã‚ ¡75 Stairs 11,000 8.21 0.59 Precast concrete staircase handrails and balustrades: 2 nr @  ¿Ã‚ ¡5,500 External walls, windows and doors 291,000 217.16 15.61 Structural bonded glass to frontage with silicone joints and support, including automatic bi-parting entrance doors: 310à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡500 Coated aluminium double-glazed window system: 150à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡375 Aluminium louvres to glass frontage 1,500 projection; including support and brackets: 90à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡300 Entrance door for vehicles as integral part of glazing walling, including ironmongery and trimming: 2 nr @  ¿Ã‚ ¡4,500 Aluminium composite micro-rib profile wall cladding to sides and rear of showroom: 400à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡80 Steel fire escape doors: 3 nr @  ¿Ã‚ ¡900 Inner leaf of 140 block work: 200à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡45 Internal walls and partitions 68,400 51.04 3.67 Metal stud partitions to showrooms including support, up to 8m high: 320à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡65 Metal stud partitions including skim finish to offices, to 3m high: 300à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡45 Plasterboard including skim finish to external walls: 400à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡20 Proprietary glazed partitions: 100à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡225 Disabled WC cubicles: 2 nr @  ¿Ã‚ ¡800 WC cubicles: 4 nr @  ¿Ã‚ ¡50 Wall finishes 9,800 7.31 0.53 Emulsion paint finish to walls: 1,600à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡5 Vinyl wall lining or similar: 40à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡45 Floor finishes 114,300 85.30 6.13 Reinforced screeds to showrooms; 100 thick: 800à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡25 Screeds to common areas; 75 thick: 540à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡15 Ceramic floor tiles to showroom areas, including skirtings: 800à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡85 Carpet tiling to office and circulation areas: 450à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡20 Softwood skirtings: 300m @  ¿Ã‚ ¡8 Non-slip vinyl flooring to WC, including coved skirtings: 90à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡35 Entrance matting: 12à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡300 Ceiling finishes 45,200 33.73 2.43 Plasterboard suspended ceiling on concealed grid: 920à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡40 Mineral fibre suspended ceiling: 420à £Ã… ½Ã‚ ¡@  ¿Ã‚ ¡20